Taiwan is a flourishing democracy, with its own military, an independent judiciary and all the trappings of a fully functioning state.
But only a handful of countries acknowledge it as a sovereign nation.
Under a carefully constructed diplomatic fudge, the United States formally recognises Beijing, but is an important backer of Taiwan, and maintains strong unofficial and commercial ties.
Taipei enjoys bipartisan support in the US Congress, and has grown closer to Washington under Tsai's leadership - much to China's annoyance.
Support for Taiwan - and disapproval of China - is one of the few issues that unites America's warring politicians.
Duelling demonstrations from both pro-Beijing and pro-Taipei camps greeted Tsai's arrival Wednesday, while a small plane flew overhead trailing a banner that read: "One China! Taiwan is part of China!"
Beijing this week said it was "strongly opposed" to McCarthy's meeting Tsai.
"It seriously violates the One-China principle ... and seriously undermines China's sovereignty and territorial integrity," foreign ministry spokeswoman Mao Ning told reporters.
US Secretary of State Antony Blinken played down the significance of Tsai's stop in California, and cautioned Beijing against using it as an "excuse to ratchet up tensions".
"These transits by high level Taiwanese authorities are nothing new," he told reporters in Brussels, where he was meeting with NATO foreign ministers.
"They are private and unofficial."
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2023-04-05 17:35:00Z
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